In 2001 biologists in Australias island state of Tasmania found that the Tasmanian Devil, an iconic species unique to Tasmania, was afflicted with a new, fatal kind of cancer. The mystery was how thousands of Tasmanian Devils could have the same cancer at the same time. As the disease spread across the state and Tasmanian Devil population numbers fell alarmingly, the Tasmanian government launched a Save the Devil campaign to investigate the cause of the disease and prevent this unique species from becoming extinct. This investigation made history and turned the scientific world on its head.